IBM宣布研究出了7纳米的测试芯片
Title:IBM Research successfully produces 7-nm test chipsFrom:http://techreport.com/news/28603/ibm-research-successfully-produces-7-nm-test-chips
The next leap for semiconductors after the 10-nm process node is 7 nm, and it appears that IBM Research is helping to pave the way. According to a report by Ars Technica, the company has announced successful production of 7-nm test chips at its joint research facilities at the SUNY Polytechnic Insititute.
在10纳米工艺以后是7纳米，现在看来IBM研究团队正在版主铺平道路。据Ars Technica报道，公司宣布已经成功制造了7纳米测试芯片（位于纽约州立大学理工学院的联合研究设施内）
Ars reports that the test product uses 7-nm FinFETs with silicon-germanium (SiGe) alloy channels. This new alloy is apparently one of three advancements that made the 7-nm test chip possible, the others being self-aligned quadruple patterning and an EUV light source with a wavelength of only 13.5 nanometers.
Ars报告说，测试产品用的是7纳米FinFET（silicon-germanium (SiGe)硅 - 锗）合金。该合金是可能制造出7纳米测试芯片三个先进方面之一，另外两个是四倍自校准结构和13.5纳米波长的EUV光源。
IBM told Ars that chips built on this 7-nm process could be up to 50% smaller by surface area than those produced on the 10-nm node. The company also says it's looking for at least a 50% improvement in power-to-performance over 10-nm silicon with the new process.
IBM告诉Ars，基于7纳米的芯片的面积可能会比10纳米减少50%的面积。搞公司还表示，他们正在寻找较10纳米工艺提升电源转换效率50%的新工艺。（瞬间从20纳米到7纳米，感觉要爆炸……）
It's not clear when commercial products based on a 7-nm process will come to market, but the fact that IBM is able to produce functional test chips with this technology is an exciting step on the road. Given that we're still waiting on 10-nm products from other manufacturers, it'll likely be a long wait, but it seems as if Moore's Law will march on a little longer yet.
目前尚不清楚7纳米的产品将会在什么时候投入市场，但是IBM确实在测试芯片的道路上迈出了激动人心的一步。鉴于我们仍在等待10纳米产品，而这也将是一个漫长的过程，但这好像会让摩尔定律的到来时间来的更长一些呢。
Title:Chipmakers, Meet Your Maker: IBM Plans On Manufacturing 7 nm Chips
From: http://wccftech.com/ibm-to-produce-7-nm-chips/
While Samsung and TSMC are attempting to overtake each other in the 10 nm FinFET race, here we have IBM with even more ambitious plans. According to American media reports, the tech corporation stated that it has already made functional versions of ultradense computer chips. These computer chips exude four times the processing capabilities of current generation’s most powerful chips. According to the report, IBM will be manufacturing 7 nm chips in an effort to further reduce power consumption and increase processor clock speeds for unprecedented levels of performance.
当三星和台积电还在10纳米FinFET抢人头比赛的时候，IBM已经有更伟大的计划了。根据美国媒体报道，科技集团表示他们已经知道了超高密度计算机型谱。该计算机芯片是现在最强大芯片4倍的处理能力。据报道，IBM将会继续努力降低7纳米芯片的功耗并提升处理器主频已达到前所未有的处理器性能水平。
IBM Investing $3 Billion With NY State, GlobalFoundries, Samsung And Other Equipment Vendors To Begin Work On These 7 nm Chips
IBM向纽约州、GlobalFoundries、三星和其他设备供应厂投资30亿美元来生产7纳米芯片
The tech behemoth has been reported to invest a mammoth amount of $3 billion in a private-public partnership with the following:（科技巨头已经报告向公/私 合作伙伴投入30亿美元：）
[*]New York State（纽约州）
[*]GlobalFoundries（不解释）
[*]Samsung（三星）
[*]Several equipment vendors（几家设备制造商）
Currently, industries are showing signs of wear and tear in transitioning to a much smaller lithographic process. Intel, which was regarded as the king of this particular type of industry, has started to face a myriad number of technical challenges. Additionally, analysts and technologists alike have started to question the pace of chip improvement procedures, which at this current point, are shifting from 14 nm FinFET to 10 nm FinFET.
目前来看，行业在展现出要转换到更少损耗的光刻工艺的姿态中。英特尔，被看做是这种特殊类型的产业龙头，已经开始面临无数的技术挑战。另外，在现在这个从14纳米FinFET向10纳米FinFET的进程中，分析师和技术已经开始向芯片改进工艺发难。
Previously, the chip industry was showing rapid improvement, with the density shrinking with each passing year. IBM plans to revive that pace by rolling out 7 nm chips. Currently, these chips are still in research phase, with the latest study suggesting that semiconductor lithographic process will continue to shrink till 2018. According to the company, its 7 nm chips were made by using a new material; silicon-germanium instead of pure silicon, in key regions.
此前，芯片行业呈现出快速改善的局面，但每过一年都在降低频率。IBM打算通过推出7纳米芯片来推进芯片复兴的步伐。但是这些芯片目前还处在研究阶段，根据最新的研究表明，目前至2018年，半导体光刻工艺将会继续放缓。该公司称，他们呢的7纳米线面是用性材料制成的（硅-锗），而不是纯硅，这是很关键的。
The firm states the new material results in making possible faster transistor switching and lower power requirements, something that pure silicon has difficulty reaching. However, in order to make them viable to be used in a variety of applications such as processors and mobile SoCs, further advances such as requiring new materials and different manufacturing techniques will have to be observed. According to Subhashish Mitra, Director of the Robust Systems Group, he states that:
该公司认为新材料在制造更快的晶体开关和降低能耗的方面是纯硅难以企及的。但是为了是他在各种应用中可以使用（比如处理器和移动设备的SoC）还需要更多的改进，比如说是研发新材料或者是不同的制造工艺。根据Robust Systems集团的董事Subhashish Mitra的说法：
“I’m not surprised, because this is exactly what the road map predicted, but this is fantastic.”
“我并不感到惊讶，因为这真是如路线图预测的那样，但是这还是很棒。”
The size of 7 nm chips can be illustrated thanks to following description:（关于7纳米芯片的说明由于以下原因：）
[*]In a red blood cell, a strand of DNA is approximately 2.5 nanometers in diameter.（在一个红细胞里，DNA链的直径为2.5纳米）哺乳动物成熟的红细胞不是没有细胞器？
[*]The red blood itself cell is roughly 7,500 nanometers in diameter.（红细胞本身直径大约7500纳米）
[*]Microprocessors featuring more than 20 billion transistors will be possible thanks to the efforts of IBM.（微处理器拥有超过200亿个晶体管要感谢IBM的努力）
The semiconductor industry, which is currently using pure silicon to shift from 14 nm FinFET to 10 nm FinFET, will have to decide if jumping on to 7 nm chips will only be possible thanks to the use of silicon-germanium. Intel has also stated that it is eyeing the 7 nm chips manufacturing process, but has not given any details on how the firm plans on accomplishing this.
在半导体行业中，目前是使用纯硅从14纳米FinFET转向10纳米FinFET的时候，但是这也将决定是否会直接跳到使用硅锗材料的7纳米芯片。英特尔表示，他们正将目光瞄准7纳米制造工艺，但是公司并没有给出任何有关如何完成计划的细节。
So far, IBM has declined to provide info on when the company plans on making 7 nm chips for commercial manufacturing purposes. TSMC had earlier stated that its pilot production of 7 nm chips will commence in 2017. However, unlike IBM, it has not demonstrated samples in order to showcase how it’s going to be meet that goal.
到目前为止，当公司以商业目的时，IBM将会拒绝提供有关制造7纳米芯片的信息。台积电此前江表示，他们将会在2017年开始制造7纳米芯片。然而，不像IBM，台积电并没有展示样品来显示他们将如何实现这一目标。
Different Exposure Methods Will Also Have To Be Used To Mass Produce 7 nm Chips
不用的曝光方式也将会用于大量7纳米芯片产品的生产
At present, it cannot be deduced whether or not the new generation of EUV photolithographic stepper machines would result in making clean 7 nm chips. Just to be clear, the slightest deviation or vibration can result in decreasing the precision of optics that are used to create lines of molecular thicknesses. In order to prevent this, semiconductor manufacturing firms have to invest an exorbitant amount of money in order to construct specially stabilized buildings that prevent vibration of any forms as much as possible.
现在，他还不能推出是都新一代EUV光刻机会用来制造清晰的7纳米的芯片。仅是为了更加的清楚，任何的微小偏差或振动都有可能减少用于创建分子厚度的线光学系统的精度。为了防止这种情况的发生，半导体制造公司必须投入更多的钱来建造更加文档的建筑来防止任何可能的振动。
IBM’s seven-nanometer node transistors. A strand of DNA is about 2.5 nanometers in diameter and a red blood cell is roughly 7,500 nanometers in diameter. Credit IBM Research
IBM的7纳米工艺晶体管。DNA链的直径为2.5纳米，红细胞本身直径大约7500纳米
According to Mukesh Khare, who is Vice President for semiconductor research at IBM, states the following:
“EUV is another game changer.”
根据 Mukesh Khare，IBM半导体研究部副总裁，如是说：
“EUV是另一个游戏改变者”
EUV light in commercial manufacturing operations might provide the best possible alternative to produce 7 nm chips accurately, but unfortunately, this demonstration has only been carried out in a research lab, and not an actual manufacturing plant.
EUV光是在商业生产操作中能提供最佳精确度的方法，但是不幸的是，他只在研究实验室里进行了演示，而不是在实际工厂里。
At present, 10 nm FinFET is going to be the face of semiconductor’s manufacturing process, which will employ the use of pure silicon. If this material is unsuitable to create 7 nm chips, then perhaps manufacturing firms will have no choice but to stick to IBM’s gut. Regardless, with this breakthrough, we expect a different firm to win the 7 nm race, but it is too early to crown a king at this point.
现在，在10纳米FinFET的制造过程中，只能采用使用纯硅的方法。如果这种材料不适合制造7纳米芯片的话，也许制造公司将别无选择的选择IBM的方法。无论如何，由于这个突破，我们更期待一个不同的公司赢得7纳米比赛的冠军，但是现在下谁是冠军的定论还为时尚早。 翻的我累死……看清楚哦，有两页{:5_131:} 包子侯爵 发表于 2015-7-10 11:32
翻的我累死……看清楚哦，有两页
这是锻炼你的好机会{:5_152:} IBM真是专注黑科技{:4_89:}给人的感觉就和幕后黑手一样，但是研究成果的应用却很少耳闻
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